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The Hawaiian Islands
Hawaii State
Information
Capital--Anthem--Flower--Tree--Bird--Fish
Location--Area--Topography--Climate--People
Honolulu
Anthem
Hawai'i Ponoi
Flower
Pau Aloalo or yellow hibiscus, native (Hibiscus rackenridgei)
Tree
Kukui or candlenut tree (Aleurites moluccana)
Bird
Nene or Hawaiian Goose (Branta Sandwicensis)
Fish
Humuhumunukunukuapuaa ("who moo who moo new coo new coo ah poo ah ah") Short fish, long name (nickname: humu humu)
Location
The Hawaiian Archipelago consists of 132 islands, reefs and shoals, stretching 1,523 miles (2,451 kilometers) southeast to northwest across the Tropic of Cancer between 154 40' to 178 25' W longitude and 18 54' to 28 15' N latitude. The Archipelago has a total land area of approximately 6,425 square miles (16,642 square kilometers). This area includes the small land of islands off the shores of the main islands and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands from Kure Atoll in the North to Nihoa in the South to Palmyra, Midway, and Wake Islands.
Area
The land area of the eight inhabited major islands is approximately 4,112,388 acres. The island of Hawaii represents almost two-thirds of this area (2,573,400 acres). The approximate acreage of the other main islands is as follows: Maui: 465,800 acres; Oahu: 386,188 acres; Kauai: 353,900 acres; Molokai: 165,800 acres; Lanai: 90,500 acres; Niihau: 45,700 acres; Kahoolawe: 28,800 acres. Other smaller islands account for about 2,300 acres.
Topography
The Hawaiian Archipelago is volcanic in origin. The oldest islands in the chain stretch to the northwest from the southeast. The youngest island -- Hawaii or the "Big Island" -- is in the extreme southeast and still volcanically active (Kilauea Volcano on the Big Island is the most active volcano in the world). In another thousand years or so, the Lo'ihi Seamount, growing off the southeast coast of Hawaii Island, will add the next island to the archipelago. The effects of erosion increase progressively with age from the southeast to the northwest. Relatively new Hawaii Island contains massive flat lava fields and comparatively sparse vegetation, while much older Kauai is home to deep and broad canyons, strong rivers, and abundant rich soil and plant life. The mountains are by far the highest on the younger islands. Mauna Kea on the Big Island is 13,796 feet above sea level, and when measured from the ocean floor, is the highest mountain in the world.
Climate
Hawaii's climate is often called or cited as the best in the world. Hawaii's climate includes mild temperatures year round, moderate humidities, persistent northeasterly tradewinds ("trades"), extreme short distance rainfall variation, and an infrequency of severe storms. As a practical matter, Hawaii has only two seasons: "summer" and "winter." Summer occurs between May and October. In the summer, the weather is warmer and drier with the sun more overhead and the trades more persistent. Winter occurs between October and April. The winter sun is more to the south and associated with cooler weather, heavier clouds and rains, and interruptions of the trades by other winds. Due to the size of the Hawaii and its remarkable variations in altitude, wind, and moisture, most of the earth's major climatic zones and seasons are seen in the islands.
People
The population of Hawaii in 1990 by census was 1,108,229. 64.5% of the population was on Oahu (City & County of Honolulu), 13.4% on Hawaii, 12.8% on Maui, and 6.3% on Kaua`i. The balance of the population (3%) was on Niihau, Molokai, and Lanai. Kahoolawe is not populated. The Hawaiian Archipelago is the ancestral home of the native Hawaiian hosts, the Kanaka Maoli. In that the ethnic and cultural composition of Hawaii is extremely diverse, Hawaii is often cited as a world class example of racial harmony at its best. In 1999, an FBI report comparing the twenty most populated cities in the U.S. cited Honolulu, the 10th or 11th largest city in the United States, as the safest and most non-violent large city in the United States. Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Kahoolawe, Molokai, "Big Island"
The Hawaiian Islands
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